The Island Of Dr. Moreau, Wells And Aldous Huxley s Brave...

Science and technological advancement require limits according to H.G. Wells and Aldous Huxley; their respective novels argue that the loss of individuality is inevitable when science attempts to perfect every aspect of society. Technology without laws holds the danger to eliminate individuality and ultimately requires humans to assimilate to a new standard without error and within the bounds of scientific advancement. In H.G. Wells’ novel The Island of Dr. Moreau, Wells argues the influence technology has on human nature and the power it holds when conducted without law. Similarly, Aldous Huxley presents a dystopia in his novel Brave New World, which is intended to be conceived as paradise —under the grounds that each citizen is guaranteed happiness if they comply with the technology which dictates their lives in every aspect. Both novels focus on willful assimilation, scientific morality, and their effect on individuality in society. In H.G. Wells’ novel, The I sland of Dr. Moreau, Wells asserts the dangers of science without laws and challenges the moral grounds upon which technological advancement is based. Individuality is suppressed by Dr. Moreau’s power over the creatures upon which he conducts his experiments. This idea is apparent in their recitation of his laws, â€Å"Not to go on all-Fours ; that is the Law. Are we not Men?† They go on repetitively then proclaiming, â€Å"His is the House of Pain. His is the Hand that makes† (Wells, 43). Wells makes it apparent the utopiaShow MoreRelatedEthical And Logical Stand Point On Future Humanity1528 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout our course of the DHC Integrated Learning, the terminology used can help one determine whether or not the two worlds that Huxley and Wells have presented are an ethical and logical stand point on future humanity. In Brave New World, they are creating gametes in dishes and growing â€Å"perfect† humans that are genetically modified to serve society in a certain way, in a certain class system. Once children are born they go through a conditioning process that gives them psychological ideas inRead More The Changing Role of Science Fiction Essay2351 Words   |  10 Pagessatisfactory. Throughout the centuries, scholars and fans alike have attempted to accurately define science fiction, however no single definition could ever truly exist because the genre has been forced to adapt to keep pace with a swiftly evolving world.    This is more of a problem than it might seem at first because without an agreed-upon definition how can one recognize when the genre of SF began? The answer is, you cant. This date had been argued by scholars for quite some time, but

Analysis Of The Poem The Stone Boy - 1954 Words

According to American industrial designer Adam Savage, â€Å" one of the defining moments of adulthood is the realization that nobody’s going to take care of you.† This statement caused me to cogitate the potential aspects that cause one s shift from childhood into adulthood.Within the four short stories â€Å"Initiation†( Plath, Sylvia.) by Sylvia Plath, â€Å"Araby†(Joyce, James.) by James Joyce, â€Å" Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been† (Oates, Carol Joyce.) by Joyce Carol Oates, and â€Å"The Stone boy† (Berriault, Gina.) by Gina Berriault, each of the authors conveyed the theme of coming of age to shed light on the varying forces that evoke one’s initiation into adulthood. These different forces lead one to change from who they once were, to undergo a†¦show more content†¦Arnold had managed to get the â€Å"rifle caught on the wire,† (2) and when he â€Å"jerked at it,† (2) it had shot Eugie. Instead of returning straight home, possibly to get help for his brother, Arnold had continued on his journey for the pea’s. It wasn’t until much later that Arnold had finally gotten home and bluntly told his parents the unfortunate news. When his father and mother had acknowledged that what Arnold was saying wasn’t some kind of game, they had immediately started treating Arnold as a complete outsider. As soon as Arnold had told his parents, Arnold s father had driven him directly to the sheriff s office. While Arnold and his father had been waiting to speak to the sheriff, â€Å"Arnold felt his father watching him, and be lifted his eyes with painful casualness to the announcement on the opposite wall,† (4). His father had created distance between Arnold and himself by sitting on opposite sides, revealing that his father had slowly started to separate himself from Arnold just after hearing what had happened. After speaking to the sheriff, and stating that he ha d simply just left Eugie alone after the gun had been shot, it was stated that â€Å"His father had stared at him in a pale, puzzled way, and it was then that he had felt his father and the others set their cold, turbulent silence against him,† (5). Motif is shown here as this is the second time that Arnold has felt theShow MoreRelatedEssay about William Wordsworths Nutting1292 Words   |  6 Pagesillustrate his memories.   Prosaic analysis of the lines, [w]here fairy water-breaks do murmur on/For ever; and I saw the sparkling foam (Wordsworth 33) reveals his talent for turning common language into poetic genius.   Wordsworths sensational description of the stream is heightened through his tight fusion of landscape, symbolism and diction. The physical structure contributes as much to the tone of the poem as the words themselves.   The physical presentation of the poem can be seen as parallel toRead MoreCritical Analysis of William Blakes Poem The Tiger1393 Words   |  6 PagesÐ ¨Ã £ÃÅ"ЕÐ Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœ Ð £Ã ÃËœÃâ€™Ãâ€¢Ã  Ã ¡ÃËœÃ ¢Ãâ€¢Ã ¢ â€Å"ЕПИÐ ¡ÃÅ¡ÃÅ¾ÃÅ¸ КОÐ Ã ¡Ã ¢Ã Ã Ã ¢ÃËœÃ  ПÐ  Ãâ€¢Ã ¡Ãâ€ºÃ Ãâ€™Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœÃ¢â‚¬  Ð ¤Ã °Ã ºÃ'Æ'Ð »Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã'…Ã'Æ'Ð ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð °Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸ Ð ½Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ¸ Project title: Write a critical analysis of William Blakes poem The Tiger paying special attention to the stance of the poetic speaker Name: ИÐ ²Ã µÃ »Ã ¸Ã ½ ИÐ ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ² ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ² Faculty number: 1063 Read MoreAnalysis of Facing It by Yusef Komunyakaa Essay example667 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Facing it by Yusef Komunyakaa Cruel and terrible events forever leave a mark on our memory. Especially, when these events are directly related to person, the memory reproduces every second of what happened. Unfortunately, humanity fully cognized the term of war. Facing it by Yusef Komunyakaa reveals another several sides of the war. Poem tells the reader about which consequences, the war left and how changed peoples lives. The hero identifies itself with the Vietnam VeteransRead MoreCritical Analysis of William Blakes Poem The Tiger1378 Words   |  6 PagesÐ ¨Ã £ÃÅ"ЕÐ Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœ Ð £Ã ÃËœÃâ€™Ãâ€¢Ã  Ã ¡ÃËœÃ ¢Ãâ€¢Ã ¢ â€Å"ЕПИÐ ¡ÃÅ¡ÃÅ¾ÃÅ¸ КОÐ Ã ¡Ã ¢Ã Ã Ã ¢ÃËœÃ  ПÐ  Ãâ€¢Ã ¡Ãâ€ºÃ Ãâ€™Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœÃ¢â‚¬  Ð ¤Ã °Ã ºÃ'Æ'Ð »Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã'…Ã'Æ'Ð ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð °Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸ Ð ½Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ¸ Project title: Write a critical analysis of William Blakes poem The Tiger paying special attention to the stance of the poetic speaker Name: ИÐ ²Ã µÃ »Ã ¸Ã ½ ИÐ ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ² ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ² Faculty number: 1063 Read MoreComparing and Contrasting Jenkins Poem He Loved Light, Freedom and Animals and Bushs Poem Pneumoconiosis1031 Words   |  5 PagesBoth poems have been written about death dying and the loss of loved ones, in a once thriving Welsh mining community. The first poem by Mike Jenkins is a reflection and remembrance by a Father who tragically and suddenly lost his son in a horrific and unfortunate disaster that happened in Aberfan in 1966, where many young lives were lost. The second poem by Duncan Bush in 1995 was written when he was riddled with the disease Pneumoconiosis hence the title of his poem. Pneumoconiosis is a diseaseRead MoreAnalysis Of Brunelleschi s The Tower 1103 Words   |  5 Pageshuge shouting match with the directors of the meeting. He was called â€Å"a buffoon and a babbler.† And had to be thrown out. Brunelleschi’s mysterious design touched their imagination. As a boy, during his goldsmith’s apprenticeship, he mastered drawing and painting, wood carving, sculpture in silver and bronze, stone setting, niello, and enamel work. He also worked on clocks and mastered them. Applying his theoretical and mechanical knowledge to observation of the world, he single-handedly worked outRead MoreEssay about Bone Dreams by Seamus Heaney1953 Words   |  8 PagesBone Dreams by Seamus Heaney – An Analysis Bone Dreams is an obscure and difficult poem to understand. In all my searching on the internet, I found very little to help me in my analysis of this poem and so the ideas are basically my own. I might be wide of the mark, but for anybody struggling to understand this poem, it might at least give you some ideas of your own. I make no apology for asking questions or for sounding vague or even muddled in places. I hope that this essay is of helpRead MoreCome to the Stone by Randall Jarrell1946 Words   |  8 Pagespsychological portrayal of a diverse range of narrative personas in his dramatic monologues, Jarrell displays the dehumanizing forces of war. In the poem, â€Å"Come to the Stone†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jarrell establishes the simple fact of man’s cruelty and explores the chaotic and confusing experience of war through the eyes of a young boy. The intense experience of this poem is generated in the plain speech of the lines. â€Å"The people are punishing the people, why?† The line isn’t in quotation marks. It’s Jarrell who asksRead MoreAnalysis of Tony Harrisons Poems Essays1225 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Tony Harrisons Poems After reading and analysing the three Tony Harrison poems I found that, they portray many relationships between families with three members. In all of the poems Harrison was the son and they talked about the relationships between him and his father. Read MoreThemes Of `` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson And The Ones Who Walk Away From 1861-18651553 Words   |  7 PagesSafeAssign Logo Help I have chosen to examine the theme of attempted but failed equality in my final paper. The theme of equality is present throughout many of the dystopian short stories, novels, poems and films we have studied in class. The three stories I feel this theme is most present in are â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut and â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas† by Ursula Le Guin. In these stories society tries to make everything orderly and just. Their

Steroids Good Or Bad - 1816 Words

Asmus, James Buck Tilton English 1010-04 November 12, 2015 Steroids Good or Bad? Have you ever wondered if performance enhancing drugs (P.E.D.s) are actually benefiting sports? Some people say that yes they are, because it helps athletes perform better. Others say no, and think it may eventually ruin the game. Even though professional sports do have rules against using them, that won’t stop the athletes from using them. In my opinion to the topic are performance enhancing drugs benefiting sports? My answer is NO, the side effects can harm an athlete, using them increases the risk of injury, and using them is a form of cheating. What are Steroids? They are drugs and chemicals that can improve (or are widely believed to improve) a person‘s†¦show more content†¦Erythropoietin controls the production of red blood cells. The red blood cells are the cells that carry oxygen to the muscle and helps endurance the more oxygen the muscles can receive the better the endurance. It can be used by taking out and storing one‘s own blood and re-injecting it shortly before competition a practice that is also banned by many sports as cheating. What are stimulants? Stimulants can increase aggression and competitiveness and reduce tiredness and fatigue. This type of steroid is mostly common in sports such as baseball, and long distance running. If you are running long distances who wouldn’t want a way to reduce fatigue and tiredness. A sport that is hit heavily with steroid use is baseball. Some of the biggest stars in the baseball world such as Alex Rodriguez, Barry Bonds, Mark McGwire are only s ome of the stars that were caught using the P.E.Ds. There was even a period of time in baseball that was called the steroid era. The term steroid era refers to a period of time in Major League Baseball where tons of players such as Mark McGwire were believed to have used performance enhancing drugs, resulting in increased offensive output throughout the game. With more offense in the game came more audience attention to the game.This era of baseball was known as the era that may haved saved baseball. There is a group of athletes known as the 500 homerun club who have hit 500 plus home runs in their careers. Between 1998 and 2009, ten new faces

Cuba and US relations Essay Example For Students

Cuba and US relations Essay In the early 1900s, Cuba was a stomping ground for many of the rich and famous from the United States. Many famous movies stars and wealthy business entrepreneurs spend their vacations there along with a substantial amount of money. Trade and commerce between the United States and Cuba flowed freely and abundantly. Even with the Dictatorship-like regime of Batista, the countries benefited from the economic trade between them. This was all about to come crashing down as revolts against Batista occurred and Fidel Castro came to power within Cuba. It was after Castro took power that the United States changed its way in which it dealt with Cuba dramatically. The United States decided it would place major sanctions against Cuba and would try to cut Castro off of dealing with not only the United States, but any other country the US dealt with as well. It was during this time that the Cold War was in its adolescence stage and the United States was doing everything in its power to make sure that smaller, third world countries did not become communist or even associate themselves with the Soviet Union in any way. One of the reasons sanctions were placed against Cuba was that during the revolution against Batista, research was done into Castros background and it was shown that two of his lieutenants; Ernesto Che Guevara and Fidels brother Raul, were said to be communists. The research also led one to believe that even though Castro might not be a Marxist-Leninist, he was a Soviet sympathizer . After more in-depth research into Castros background, it was shown that he had no ties in any way to the Communist nor did he even have much sympathy for it. These sanctions were put into place against Cuba as Fidel Castro came into power in 1959 and have not seen any real changes up to the present time. The reason the United States implemented these sanctions against Cuba were for a couple of reasons. One was because of the research that showed Fidel Castro had leanings toward communism. Another reason behind the sanctions was because of how Castro was handling himself as the new leader of Cuba. As he came into power, the country was well off compared to other third world nations but the people were living near poverty level and the country was facing major economic problems. The peso was dropping in value like a rock and other countries, mainly the United States, were demanding monetary compensation for the property that its citizens owned but were appropriated by the Cuban government for its own citizens. These problems along with the GNP of the country also dropping substantially caused Castro to start to look at how Communism might be able to help him out of these troubles. The United States did not just put sanctions on Cuba after Castro came to power but also was trying to exert its power over the country when Batista was in power. The US wanted Batista to give up his leadership of the country so a new government could take over but the State Department was unsure how to go about accomplishing this since there wasnt enough information to show what group could lead the Cuban people. These decisions that were made follow, albeit loosely, along the line of two decision models we have studied: the Presidential model and the Administrative Model. When the revolution in Cuba started, Dwight Eisenhower took the lead in telling his advisors what he wanted done. First off, arms were given to Batistas militia through Eisenhowers orders and then after Batista turned them upon his own countrymen, it was Eisenhowers decision to place arms sanctions against them. This meant that they would not be sent anymore of the USs artillery. The President only made decisions when there was a heightened awareness of what was going on in Cuba and it affected the US in some way. Another time this model was shown was during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Kennedy took matters into his own hands when it was discovered in 1962 that Soviet missiles were being constructed in Cuba. He had his closest advisors, those that are not involved in the political model,

The Taming Of The Shrew Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Taming Of The Shrew Essay Thesis The Taming Of The Shrew by William Shakespeare is probably one of Shakespeares earliest comedies. Its plot is derived from the popular war of the sexes theme in which males and females are pitted against one another for dominance in marriage. The play begins with an induction in which a drunkard, Christopher Sly, is fooled into believing he is a king and has a play performed for him. The play he watches is what constitutes the main body of The Taming Of The Shrew. In it, a wealthy land owner, Baptista Minola, attempts to have his two daughters married. One is very shrewish, Katherine, while the other is the beautiful and gentle Bianca. In order to ensure Katherine is married, Baptista disallows Bianca to be espoused until Katherine is wed, forcing the many suitors to Bianca to find a mate for Katherine in order for them to vie for Biancas love. Many critics of the play condemn it for the blatant sexist attitude it has toward women but closer examination of the play and the intricacie s of its structure reveal that it is not merely a story of how men should put women in their place. The play is, in fact, a comedy about an assertive woman coping with how she is expected to act in the society of the late sixteenth century and of how one must obey the unwritten rules of a society to be accepted in it. Although the play ends with her outwardly conforming to the norms of society, this is in action only, not in mind. Although she assumes the role of the obedient wife, inwardly she still retains her assertiveness. We will write a custom essay on The Taming Of The Shrew Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Most of the plays humour comes from the way in which characters create false realities by disguising themselves as other people, a device first introduced in the induction. Initially this is accomplished by having Christopher Sly believe he is someone he is not and then by having the main play performed for him. By putting The Taming Of The Shrew in a play within a play structure, Shakespeare immediately lets the audience know that the play is not real thus making all events in the play false realities. Almost all characters in the play take on identities other than their own at some point of time during the play. Sly as a king, Tranio as Lucentio, Lucentio as Cambio, Hortensio as Litio and the pedant as Vicentio are all examples of this. Another example of this is Katherine as an obedient wife. In The Taming Of The Shrew, courtship and marriage are not so much the result of love but rather an institution of society that people are expected to take part in. As a result of the removal of romance from marriage, suitors are judged, not by their love for a woman, but by how well they can provide for her. All suitors compare the dowry each can bring to the marriage and the one with the most to offer wins the womans hand in marriage. This competition for marriage is like a game to the characters of the play. While discussing the courtship of Bianca with Gremio, Hortensio says He that runs fastest gets The ring (Act I, scene i, l. 140-141) likening receiving permission to wed Bianca to winning a race. In the game, however, women are treated like objects that can be bought and sold rather than as human beings. This is expected since the society is a patriarchal one. For example, Lucentio, Tranio and Petruchio are all defined with reference to their fathers and all the elderly author ity figures, like Baptista and Vicentio, are men. The taming of Katherine is not a womens shrewishness being cured as much as it is a woman being taught the rules of the patriarchal game. Katherine has learned how to be assertive and with this knowledge is able to control men, and a woman controlling a man is considered against the rules of the game. .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c , .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c .postImageUrl , .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c , .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c:hover , .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c:visited , .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c:active { border:0!important; } .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c:active , .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2b0790fec991043d9206ea423985ec3c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Medical Marijuana EssayThe play ends with Katherine proving that she is truly cured of her shrewishness and is the most obedient of the three newlywed wives at the end of the play. This is demonstrated in her soliloquy when she lectures the other wives on the proper way in which a woman should behave:I am ashamed that women are so simpleTo offer war where they should kneel for peace,Or seek rule, supremacy, and sway,When they are bound to serve, love, and obey. (Act V, scene ii, l. 161 164)Although most critics interpret the play as being that of a woman finally acting the way in which she is supposed to act, it is difficult to believe that a character as vibrant and strong-willed as Katherine is changed so easily. Following with the device of false realities that Shakespeare set in place so early in the play, it would seem more logical that Katherine would simply be acting the part of the obedient wife in order to be accepted in the society in which she lives. Katherine can play a part very well and can even enjoy doing it. This is shown on the road to Padua from Petruchios house when Kate is forced to address Vincentio as a woman and says, Young budding virgin, fair and fresh and sweet (Act IV, scene v, l. 37). The Taming Of The Shrew is a light-hearted comedy that is better seen than read. This is especially true since a lot of the humour in it is physical or slapstick humour which is possible only on stage. The complexity of the play is refreshing, as many of the modern plays of today are quite linear and do little to keep a readers attention. Another favourable aspect of it is the subplot involving Lucentio and Bianca which lends itself as the basis for many humourous moments, most notably between Lucentio, Hortensio and Bianca. The obvious sexist attitude of the play does not hinder it because of the reasons stated above. One must also take into account the attitudes of sixteenth century England and the fact that the play is a comedy and is not meant to be taken seriously.

Use of Hopfield Networks as Analytic Tools

Use of Hopfield Networks as Analytic Tools Through the study of Sheikhan Hemmati (2011), it is seen that Hopfield networks act as a means for researchers to understand the processing and retrieval of memory in human beings (Sheikhan Hemmati, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Use of Hopfield Networks as Analytic Tools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reason behind this is connected to the concept of memory vectors which are utilized as a way in which patterns are conceptualized, retrieved then subsequently pieced back together in order to create a somewhat synonymous pattern as its original conception. As an analytic tool, this helps researchers to better understand how memories are retrieved and then combined to create the thoughts and actions that we have at the present. What must be understood is that while cognitive psychology has enabled researchers and students alike to understand how memory works, there is still a gap in knowledge in being able to see so to speak how memories from a variety of different memory vectors are combined into what we know as memory. This is where Hopfield networks come into play, they are designed as an artificial neural network from which the input of content utilizing a variety of learning rules are implemented so as to understand how they would be applicable in a human neural network. Through this, psychologists are better able to understand the processes that go into learning and potentially discover new methods that could help to resolve learning impairments or even improve the process of learning as a whole. One possible theoretical approach to this can be seen in the study of Hsu (2012) which explained that as analytical tool, the Hopfield network can actually be considered an early start to the development of artificial learning networks which could potentially create an A.I. (Artificial Intelligence) (Hsu, 2012).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Le t's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hsu (2012) explains this by stating that over time the processes that go into creation of computers will increasingly attempt to replicate the efficiency and learning ability of the human mind. As such, understanding how learning actually works is the first step to creating an artificial neural network that is independent from outside input and can merely learn on its own. Other potential applications of the network can be seen in the study of Menezes Monteiro (2011) which proposed that the discrete-time neural network proposed by Hopfield can be used for storing and recognizing binary patterns (Menezes Monteiro, 2011). Through their study, which investigated the removal of simulated neurons within the network, helps to show how there is the potential for the use of the Hopfield model to potentially help in the rehabilitation of individuals that suffer from memory loss as a direct result of da mage to some part of their brain which would impact either their short term or long term memory. For example, one model for understanding the processes involved in working memory is the Baddeley and Hitch (1974) multi-component model which states that working memory operates via a system of slave systems and a central controller which supervises the transmission and coordination of information (RepovÃ…   Baddeley, 2006). Despite understanding how memory works and is retrieved to a certain extent, it is still unknown what processes go into combining it to create what we know of as working memory. The Hopfield model helps to resolve this issue by presenting a â€Å"rough sketch† of what we perceive of as a model of a neural network in order to understand that processes may go into the individual memory vectors resulting in present day learning mechanisms.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Use of Hopfield Networks as Analytic Tools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One example of this process at work can be seen in the astronomical charts and models that are used to represent the present day solar system. While they are not 100% accurate in terms of correctly showing how the planets move, they do give a rough approximation of positions and processes thereby enabling a better understanding of the process as a whole. The same can be said of Hopfield networks wherein researchers are aware that they are not a 100% accurate method of understanding the complexities of neural networks and the processes that go into them. However, by gaining a rough idea of how such mechanisms work in the first place, researchers are able to know how they work and through such discoveries enable the creation of more accurate models and theories regarding the means and methods of human learning and memory creation. Inherent shortcomings The inherent shortcoming of such a network though lies in the fact that intrusions can, and often do occur, and, as a result, it cannot really be stated that Hopfield networks act as a mirror for the associative memory mechanisms of the human brain. On the other hand, studies such as those by Liu, Huang Chen (2012) attempt to explain such intrusions by stating that even in human memory, the retrieval mechanisms are not 100% accurate with the brain filling in so to speak the apparent gaps that occur. It is this filling in process that Liu, Huang Chen (2012) associates with the intrusions within Hopfield networks as the network attempts to conceptualize the initial image it had to work with the jumble that came about as it was processes through the network (Liu, Huang Chen, 2012).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The end result is a kind of filled in image that is based on the network trying to fill in the gaps with what information it had available. Thus, for (Martinelli, 2010), the Hopfield network is an accurate representation of a primitive associative memory network (Martinelli, 2010). However, it should also be noted that the degradation of information in the Hopfield network is also explained instances such as the Ericsson and Kintsch (1995) model which explains that all individuals utilize skilled memory in everyday tasks however most these memories are stored in long term memory and then subsequently retrieved through various forms of retrieval mechanisms (Martinelli, 2010). When these memories are retrieved there is no degradation and in fact the act of daily retrieval actually reinforces the memory. The Hebb learning rule attempts to explain this by stating the learning (as seen in humans or in the case of the Hopfield network) occurs as a direct result of weights strengthening th e retrieval mechanism. Thus, over time and repetition, the accuracy of a retrieved image gets better. Such is the case when it comes to Hopfield networks wherein daily retrieval of the memory does result in a more accurate image. Hopfield Networks and Learned Behavior Based on the article Extended Hopfield Network for Sequence Learning: Application to Gesture Recognition by Maurer et al., it can be seen that Hopfield networks can be utilized in order to model what is known as learned action. It is described as sets of motion that are learned based on observation and mimicry (i.e. shooting a basketball, swinging a baseball bat etc.). However, it must be questioned whether Hopfield networks are an accurate representation of the brain’s learning behavior or if it is merely a vague representation of how information is accurately brought up and translated into action. It is often the case that people associate memories as a collection of neurons and synapses working in conjunction with each other in order to record pertinent information on a daily basis yet few think of the way in which the concept of memory can be comparable to that of a library where information is stored, recorded and categorized based on its type and attributes. In the case of learned behavior, the application of Hopfield model as a means of understanding how the brain works is applicable if we assume that memory vectors within the human mind exist which result in the retrieval mechanism of memories. For example, a memory vector can be considered as a node which connects other memories together that is utilized by a central controller in order to create a distinct action or image. The action of turning on a faucet can thus consist of several nodes where aspects related to vision, mechanical action and grasping are derived and combined by the central controller in order to create the motion of turning on a faucet. This can be seen in the case of the Hopfield networks wherein multiple node s act in order to reproduce the information/image that was inputted into them. One way in which the Hopfield model, as an accurate model for examining the learning behavior of the human brain, has attempted to be proven can be seen in studies as those by Popescu et al., (2012) which explain that the memory models such as those by Ericsson and Kintsch show that it would be impossible to hold so to speak all memories within our working memory rather what occurs is that individuals hold only a few concepts related to a task within their working memory and then use those as indicators to retrieve the information from long term memory (Popescu et al., 2012). As such, the way in which nodes within the Hopfield model work are the same as how memory retrieval mechanisms work in real life wherein what you consider as learned behavior is the result of combined information from various nodes which in turn result in memory that is being sought. Unfortunately, studies such as those by Liu et al. (2011) indicate that while the Hopfield model may seem to be an accurate model of how learning mechanisms work over time, it still fails to properly show the connection between storage and retrieval. What you must understand is that the input mechanism of the Hopfield network is not the same as what is present in the human mind. The nodes in the model essentially receive information from different sources and attempt to create an approximate â€Å"whole† from the collected information. This action does not explain how the memory vectors within the human mind know how to store the correct kind of information (Liu et al., 2011). Despite this, Liu et al. (2011) does state that Hopfield networks are capable of helping us understand how memories are learned and reinforced but not necessarily the mechanisms that enable them to be stored in a variety of possible storage locations. Reference List HSU, W. (2012). Application of competitive Hopfield neural network to brain-computer in terface systems. International Journal Of Neural Systems, 22(1), 51-62. Liu, Y., Huang, Z., Chen, L. (2012). Almost periodic solution of impulsive Hopfield neural networks with finite distributed delays. Neural Computing Applications,  21(5), 821-831. Liu, W., Fu, C., Hu, H. (2011). Global exponential stability of a class of Hopfield neural networks with delays. Neural Computing Applications, 20(8), 1205-1209. Martinelli, G. (2010). A Hopfield neural network approach to decentralized self- synchronizing sensor networks. Neural Computing Applications, 19(7), 987-996 Menezes, R. R., Monteiro, L. L. (2011). Synaptic compensation on Hopfield network: implications for memory rehabilitation. Neural Computing Applications, 20(5), 753-757 Popescu, D., Amza, C., LÄÆ'ptoiu, D., Amza, G. (2012). Competitive Hopfield Neural Network Model for Evaluating Pedicle Screw Placement Accuracy. Strojniski  Vestnik / Journal Of Mechanical Engineering, 58(9), 509-516. RepovÃ…  , G. G., Badde ley, A. A. (2006). The multi-component model of working memory: Explorations in experimental cognitive psychology. Neuroscience,  139(1), 5-21. Sheikhan, M. M., Hemmati, E. E. (2011). High reliable disjoint path set selection in mobile ad-hoc network using Hopfield neural network. IET Communications,  5(11), 1566-1576.

American Culture in the 1920s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Culture in the 1920s - Essay Example The affluence of the society grew rapidly and so did the demand for new products and services. This led to the generation of an explosive growth cycle of demand - innovation - production. The advent of the new journalism, motion picture, and radio presented opportunities for mass entertainment, information as well as advertising of various products of mass consumption. The First world- war brought about a slowdown in the economic progress of the society. With the entry of America in the war, the industries concentrated their attention to the production of military equipment, rather than consumer products. Since a majority of the young male population was commissioned for military operations, more and more women assumed a supportive role in the industry and other civilian functions. With the end of the First world - war, the world started limping back to normalcy. Europe, which lay in ruins, started reconstruction activities. America did not get involved in this reconstruction effort, and maintained an isolationist policy. But the horrors of war had made an indelible impact on the minds of the young generation. After facing extreme life experiences, and the reality of death, the young generation had broken out of the society's structure, and found it very difficult to settle down in peacetime. The young people found themselves inflicted with an eat-drink-and -be- merry- for- tomorrow-we-die spirit. The women too were as anxious as men to avoid returning to society's rules and roles after the war. After a brief depression for a couple of years following the war, the American industry reorganized itself to produce consumer goods again, instead of military equipment. The general attitude of the people towards consumerism, aided by the new policies of the government greatly aided the expansion of the industry. Impact on the culture: Technology played a vital part in delivering the economic and cultural good times that most of America enjoyed during the 1920's. On the economic front, it was a time for $5 workday, a decent pay those days. People spent money for better roads, tourism and holiday resorts. The ordinary people were encouraged through advertisements, to buy goods, such as cars, refrigerators, radios, washing machines, refrigerators, telephones etc. Many people could now afford what had been luxuries before the war, as these goods had become cheaper, e.g. in 1908, the average cost of a car was $850, whereas it fell to $280 by 1925.This was made possible by adoption of mass production methods by the consumer goods manufacturers. The most famous manufacturer to utilize mass production methods was Henry Ford's automobile industry. He pioneered the concept of assembly lines where the product moved from one worker to another, with each individual adding his 'speciality part' to the growing whole. This method greatly helped in reducing the assembly time and cost of the product, and Henry Ford could sell 15 million of his Model T cars by 1927. The influence of Ford's efficient methods of mass production enabled other industries to produce a huge variety of consumer goods at affordable costs, such as canned food, readymade clothing and home appliances, which also liberated